MTHFD Antibodies

MTHFD antibodies are highly specific tools used to detect and study MTHFD family enzymes in various biological systems. These antibodies are essential in research focusing on folate metabolism, mitochondrial function, and diseases related to dysregulated one-carbon metabolism.

Applications of MTHFD Antibodies

• Western Blotting (WB): MTHFD antibodies are widely used in Western blot assays to detect MTHFD proteins in cell and tissue lysates. This technique helps researchers study the expression levels of MTHFD enzymes under various conditions, such as folate deficiency, oxidative stress, or cancer progression.
• Immunohistochemistry (IHC): MTHFD antibodies are employed in IHC assays to localize MTHFD proteins within tissue sections. This is particularly useful in cancer research, where the expression of MTHFD2 is often upregulated in tumor cells, making it a potential biomarker for tumor progression and a target for therapeutic interventions.
• Immunofluorescence (IF): MTHFD antibodies conjugated with fluorophores are used in immunofluorescence to visualize the localization of MTHFD proteins within cells, especially in the mitochondria or cytosol, depending on the isoform. This allows for the study of mitochondrial 1C metabolism and its role in cellular proliferation and apoptosis.
• Immunoprecipitation (IP): MTHFD antibodies can be used to immunoprecipitate MTHFD proteins from cell or mitochondrial extracts. This is particularly useful for studying protein-protein interactions involving MTHFD enzymes and their regulatory partners in folate metabolism.

Key MTHFD Proteins Targeted by Antibodies

• MTHFD1: A trifunctional cytoplasmic enzyme involved in 1C metabolism, MTHFD1 plays a key role in the conversion of tetrahydrofolate derivatives. Mutations or dysregulation in MTHFD1 are associated with neural tube defects, and its expression is often analyzed in the context of developmental disorders.
• MTHFD2: This mitochondrial isoform is upregulated in rapidly proliferating cells, including cancer cells, where it supports nucleotide biosynthesis and redox balance. MTHFD2 is considered a potential cancer biomarker and a target for anti-cancer therapies.
• MTHFD1L: Also a mitochondrial enzyme, MTHFD1L is involved in the 1C metabolism pathway but has distinct functions from MTHFD2, contributing to methionine synthesis and mitochondrial health. Its role is particularly significant in embryonic development and cardiovascular health.

MTHFD antibodies are crucial tools for studying one-carbon metabolism, mitochondrial function, and the regulation of folate metabolism. Their applications in basic research and clinical studies are invaluable for understanding the role of MTHFD enzymes in development, disease, and potential therapeutic targeting.