TNF Antibodies

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily produced by activated macrophages, T cells, and natural killer cells. TNF plays a critical role in immune system regulation, inflammation, and apoptosis. It exerts its effects through two receptors: TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). TNF is implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease), cancer, and infectious diseases.

Technical Specifications

• Host Species: TNF antibodies are commonly produced in rabbits, mice, goats, or humans. Recombinant monoclonal antibodies, such as adalimumab and infliximab, are used in clinical settings to neutralize TNF in inflammatory diseases.
• Clonality: TNF antibodies are available in monoclonal and polyclonal forms. Monoclonal antibodies bind to a specific epitope on TNF, providing high specificity, while polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, offering enhanced sensitivity.
• Isotypes: Monoclonal TNF antibodies are typically of the IgG isotype (IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4), depending on the desired biological activity or blocking function.

Molecular Applications of TNF Antibodies

• Inflammatory Disease Research: TNF is a central mediator in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. TNF antibodies are critical for investigating the role of TNF in these conditions and for developing targeted therapies aimed at blocking TNF activity.
• Cancer Research: TNF can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, but it can also promote tumor growth through inflammation. TNF antibodies are used to study its dual role in cancer biology, particularly in tumor necrosis, immune evasion, and metastasis. Additionally, TNF-neutralizing antibodies are employed to assess the potential benefits of targeting TNF in cancer immunotherapy.
• Infectious Diseases: TNF is involved in the immune response to infections, including bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases. TNF antibodies help researchers explore how TNF modulates immune responses during infections and how excessive TNF activity contributes to sepsis and systemic inflammatory responses.

TNF antibodies are essential tools for studying inflammation, immune regulation, and apoptosis, as well as for developing therapeutic strategies targeting TNF in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. From basic research to clinical applications, TNF antibodies provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of TNF signaling and its role in disease pathogenesis.