USP Antibodies

USP antibodies are designed to detect ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), a subclass of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). USPs play critical roles in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, where they cleave ubiquitin from ubiquitinated substrates, thus regulating protein degradation, signaling pathways, DNA repair, and other cellular processes. Given the importance of ubiquitination in maintaining cellular homeostasis, USPs are involved in various cellular functions, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and stress response. 

Applications in Research:

• Signal Transduction:Ubiquitin-specific proteases are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways, including NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK. USP antibodies enable the study of how deubiquitination modulates the activity and turnover of key signaling proteins, offering insights into signal amplification, attenuation, and cross-talk between pathways.
• Cancer Research:Certain USPs, such as USP7, USP9X, and USP10, have been identified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Antibodies against these USPs help in the investigation of their role in the regulation of tumor-associated proteins like p53, MDM2, and β-catenin. The use of USP antibodies in IHC can also assist in cancer diagnosis and the evaluation of tumor grade.
• Neurodegenerative Disorders:USPs are involved in the regulation of neuronal proteins, including α-synuclein and tau, which aggregate in diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Using USP antibodies, researchers can investigate the role of deubiquitinating enzymes in the accumulation of neurotoxic aggregates, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets.

Key USPs and Their Targets:

• USP7 (HAUSP): Regulates the stability of p53 and MDM2, playing a crucial role in cell cycle control and apoptosis. USP7 antibodies are used to explore the balance between tumor suppression and survival signaling.
• USP14: Associated with the proteasome, it trims ubiquitin from substrates before degradation, affecting protein turnover. Antibodies against USP14 are used to study proteasome-associated degradation pathways.
• USP9X: Implicated in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, particularly through its interaction with proteins such as MCL-1. USP9X antibodies are employed in the study of cell survival mechanisms

USP antibodies are indispensable tools for the study of deubiquitination processes. They enable the detailed examination of how USPs regulate the ubiquitin cycle, influence protein turnover, and maintain cellular homeostasis. Given their pivotal role in various cellular processes and disease mechanisms, these antibodies facilitate significant advances in biomedical research, including the development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer, neurodegeneration, and immune disorders.