TREM Antibodies

TREM (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells) refers to a family of cell surface receptors, primarily expressed on immune cells like neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells. TREM receptors play a crucial role in innate immune responses, inflammation, and bone homeostasis. The two most studied members of this family are TREM-1 and TREM-2.

• TREM-1: Amplifies immune responses by enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
• TREM-2: Modulates phagocytosis and dampens inflammation, playing a key role in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.

TREM antibodies are vital research tools used to detect and quantify TREM proteins in various experimental settings, including immune regulation, neuroinflammation, and bone disorders.

Molecular Applications of TREM Antibodies

• Inflammation and Immune Response: TREM-1 plays a key role in amplifying immune responses, particularly in sepsis and other inflammatory diseases. TREM-1 antibodies are used to study its expression and role in the regulation of cytokine release during acute inflammation.
• Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Homeostasis: TREM-2 is also involved in osteoclast differentiation, making TREM antibodies essential in bone research. These antibodies are used to study how TREM-2 modulates bone resorption in diseases like osteoporosis.
• Cancer Research: TREM-1 expression is linked to tumor progression, and blocking its activity with TREM-1 antibodies has been investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer immunotherapy. TREM antibodies are used to examine the role of TREM signaling in tumor microenvironments.

Antibody Validation and Sensitivity

TREM antibodies are extensively validated for their sensitivity and specificity in various model systems, including humans, mice, and rats.

• Epitope Mapping: For monoclonal TREM antibodies, epitope mapping is employed to ensure binding to specific regions of the TREM proteins, which is critical for applications such as flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.
• Cross-Reactivity: TREM antibodies are tested to ensure minimal cross-reactivity with other closely related immune receptors, such as other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily.

TREM antibodies are indispensable tools in the study of immune regulation, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and bone homeostasis. By enabling the detection and quantification of TREM proteins, these antibodies facilitate research into critical pathways involved in inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and bone disorders.