NEIL Antibodies

NEIL (Nei-like DNA Glycosylases) are a group of enzymes involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, responsible for repairing oxidative DNA damage. The NEIL family comprises three major enzymes in humans: NEIL1, NEIL2, and NEIL3, each with distinct substrate preferences and roles in DNA repair. These enzymes play critical roles in protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced damage by excising damaged bases, such as oxidized purines, and initiating the DNA repair process. Dysregulation of NEIL proteins is associated with various diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and premature aging.

Applications of NEIL Antibodies

• Western Blotting: NEIL antibodies are used to detect NEIL proteins in cell or tissue lysates, enabling researchers to study the levels of NEIL1, NEIL2, or NEIL3 under different conditions, such as oxidative stress or DNA damage-inducing treatments.
• Immunohistochemistry (IHC): NEIL antibodies can be applied to tissue sections to localize NEIL proteins in various organs and tissues. This application is particularly useful for understanding the tissue-specific roles of NEIL glycosylases and their involvement in disease pathogenesis, such as cancer or neurodegeneration.
• Immunocytochemistry (ICC): In cultured cells, NEIL antibodies are used to visualize the cellular distribution of NEIL proteins, often showing their localization to the nucleus, where DNA repair occurs. This can help in identifying cellular responses to oxidative damage and the activation of repair pathways.
• Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP): NEIL antibodies can be used in Co-IP assays to study protein-protein interactions involving NEIL glycosylases, providing insights into the multi-protein complexes required for efficient DNA repair.
• ELISA: In quantitative studies, NEIL antibodies are used to measure the levels of NEIL proteins in various samples, helping to assess the impact of oxidative stress or treatment on DNA repair activity.

Key Characteristics of NEIL Antibodies

• Specificity: NEIL antibodies are highly specific to their respective NEIL isoforms (NEIL1, NEIL2, or NEIL3), allowing for precise detection of each protein in complex biological samples.
• Cross-reactivity: These antibodies are often tested for minimal cross-reactivity with other DNA glycosylases, ensuring reliable detection of the intended NEIL protein.
• Sensitivity: NEIL antibodies exhibit high sensitivity, making them suitable for detecting low-abundance proteins, especially in samples where oxidative DNA damage or repair activities are subtle.

NEIL antibodies are indispensable in research related to DNA repair mechanisms, providing critical insights into how cells cope with oxidative stress and DNA damage across a wide range of diseases and conditions.