GSTp Antibodies
Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTp) is a member of the GST family of enzymes involved in the detoxification of harmful compounds by conjugating them with glutathione. GSTp plays a pivotal role in cellular defense against oxidative stress and is implicated in various pathologies, including cancer, drug resistance, and neurodegenerative diseases. GSTp antibodies are used to detect and study the expression and function of GSTp in biological samples, providing insights into the role of GSTp in detoxification and disease mechanisms.
Content on GSTp Antibodies
GSTp is primarily expressed in epithelial tissues and has broad substrate specificity, making it a critical player in detoxifying electrophilic xenobiotics and endogenous oxidative products. GSTp antibodies are either polyclonal or monoclonal and are specific to the GSTP1 isoform, which is the most studied variant of this enzyme. The GSTP1 gene is known to undergo polymorphisms, which can impact enzyme function and are associated with varying susceptibility to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and response to chemotherapy.
Application of GSTp Antibodies
- Western Blotting: GSTp antibodies are commonly employed in Western blot analysis to detect and quantify GSTp protein levels in cell or tissue lysates. This application is crucial for studying the upregulation of GSTp in tumors, especially in response to chemotherapy or oxidative stress.
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC): In IHC, GSTp antibodies are used to localize GSTp expression in tissue sections. This method is particularly useful in cancer studies, where GSTp overexpression can serve as a biomarker for tumor progression or drug resistance, notably in cancers such as breast, colon, and prostate.
- Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): GSTp antibodies are utilized in ELISA assays to quantitatively measure GSTp levels in biological fluids like plasma or tissue extracts. This application is significant for monitoring detoxification capacity in patients and in studies involving the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents.
- Flow Cytometry: GSTp antibodies in flow cytometry allow for the detection of GSTp expression at a single-cell level, providing insights into the cellular heterogeneity of GSTp expression, particularly in cancerous tissues. This is useful in assessing drug resistance in different cell populations within tumors.
- Genetic Polymorphism Studies: GSTp antibodies are essential in exploring the effects of GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on enzyme function. Genetic variants such as the Ile105Val polymorphism can affect GSTp’s detoxification efficiency and are linked to differential risks of developing cancer or responding to chemotherapy.
GSTp antibodies serve as powerful tools in understanding the molecular mechanisms of detoxification, drug resistance, and disease progression, particularly in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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