APEX Antibodies

APEX (APEX1 or Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1) antibodies are used to detect and study the APEX1 protein, which is essential for DNA repair and regulation of various cellular processes. APEX1 is a key enzyme involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, which repairs damaged or incorrect bases in DNA.

Structure and Function of APEX1

• Structure:
  • Domains: APEX1 consists of an N-terminal DNA-binding domain, a central catalytic domain, and a C-terminal domain involved in protein-protein interactions.
  • Catalytic Activity: The enzyme has endonuclease activity, which cleaves the DNA backbone at apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites.
• Functions:
  • DNA Repair: APEX1 is critical in the base excision repair pathway, which fixes single-strand breaks and removes damaged bases from DNA.
  • Transcription Regulation: Involved in regulating gene expression by interacting with various transcription factors and coactivators.
  • Cellular Response to Stress: Plays a role in cellular responses to oxidative stress and DNA damage.

Applications of APEX Antibodies

• Western Blotting:
  • Purpose: Detect and quantify APEX1 protein levels in cell or tissue extracts.
  • Application: Study expression patterns, analyze protein modifications, and assess responses to DNA damage or repair treatments.
• Immunohistochemistry (IHC):
  • Purpose: Localize APEX1 in tissue sections.
  • Application: Investigate tissue-specific distribution, subcellular localization, and expression changes in various disease states.
• Immunoprecipitation (IP):
  • Purpose: Enrich APEX1 proteins from cell lysates.
  • Application: Study protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications.
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA):
  • Purpose: Quantify APEX1 levels in biological fluids or cell lysates.
  • Application: Measure changes in APEX1 expression and activity under different experimental conditions.
• Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP):
  • Purpose: Investigate APEX1 binding to specific regions of DNA.
  • Application: Study APEX1's role in transcription regulation and DNA repair.