TSH Antibodies

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), also known as thyrotropin, is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. TSH plays a crucial role in regulating the production and release of thyroid hormones (thyroxine [T4] and triiodothyronine [T3]) by binding to the TSH receptor on thyroid follicular cells. These hormones are essential for metabolic regulation, growth, and development. 

Technical Specifications

• Host Species: TSH antibodies are generally produced in rabbits, mice, or goats. Recombinant monoclonal antibodies are also available for higher specificity and reproducibility.
• Clonality: Available in both monoclonal and polyclonal forms. Monoclonal antibodies target specific epitopes on the TSH protein or receptor, offering high specificity, while polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, increasing sensitivity.
• Isotypes: TSH antibodies typically belong to the IgG isotype, ensuring compatibility with a variety of secondary detection reagents.

Molecular Applications of TSH Antibodies

• Thyroid Function and Disease Diagnosis: TSH antibodies are extensively used in clinical diagnostics to measure circulating TSH levels. TSH measurement is the gold standard for assessing thyroid function, particularly for diagnosing hypothyroidism (high TSH) and hyperthyroidism (low TSH). 
• Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: In autoimmune thyroid diseases like Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, antibodies targeting the TSH receptor play a pivotal role. TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) can be of two types: stimulating or blocking. Stimulating TRAbs are found in Graves' disease and lead to excessive thyroid hormone production, while blocking TRAbs can inhibit the action of TSH, leading to hypothyroidism.
• Thyroid Cancer Research: TSH stimulates the growth and function of thyroid cells. In thyroid cancers, particularly papillary and follicular thyroid cancers, the TSH receptor may be overexpressed. 

TSH antibodies are essential tools in both research and clinical diagnostics, allowing for the detailed study of thyroid function, regulation, and diseases. These antibodies are crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of thyroid disorders, from autoimmune thyroid disease to thyroid cancers, and they are indispensable in diagnostic assays that assess thyroid function.