NFKb Antibodies

NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a family of transcription factors that play a central role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. The NF-κB pathway is highly conserved and tightly regulated in cells, where it serves as a critical mediator of signaling pathways activated by cytokines, pathogens, stress, and other stimuli.

Applications of NF-κB Antibodies

NF-κB antibodies are widely utilized in a variety of research and diagnostic techniques to study NF-κB activity and its downstream signaling pathways:

• Immunohistochemistry (IHC): NF-κB antibodies allow for the localization of NF-κB proteins in tissue sections. They are particularly useful for visualizing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits in response to inflammatory or immune stimuli, making them valuable for studying inflammation in various tissues and diseases such as cancer or autoimmune disorders.
• Immunocytochemistry (ICC): In cultured cells, NF-κB antibodies are employed to monitor the cellular localization and activation of NF-κB in response to stimuli such as TNF-α, IL-1β, or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This application is important for understanding the dynamic regulation of NF-κB activation and its role in immune and stress responses.
• Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA): NF-κB antibodies can be used in EMSA to identify the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB subunits, specifically their ability to bind κB elements in the promoter regions of target genes. This is a key assay for studying NF-κB-dependent transcriptional regulation.

Key Characteristics of NF-κB Antibodies

• Isoform-Specificity: NF-κB antibodies are often designed to be specific to individual subunits (e.g., p65, p50) or post-translational modifications (e.g., phospho-p65). This ensures that the antibody precisely targets the NF-κB subunit of interest.
• Cross-reactivity: Many NF-κB antibodies are cross-reactive with homologous NF-κB proteins across different species, enabling their use in multiple model organisms, including humans, mice, rats, and zebrafish.
• Sensitivity: High sensitivity is crucial for detecting low-abundance NF-κB proteins, especially in studies where subtle changes in NF-κB activation are being investigated, such as in low-level inflammation or early disease stages.

NF-κB antibodies are indispensable tools in the study of inflammation, immune responses, cancer biology, and a wide range of diseases where NF-κB plays a pivotal regulatory role. These antibodies allow researchers to investigate NF-κB signaling dynamics, post-translational modifications, and transcriptional regulation across various physiological and pathological conditions, making them essential for both basic research and translational applications.