CPS Antibodies

CPS antibodies target Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase (CPS), an enzyme critical in the urea cycle and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways. There are two forms of CPS in mammals: CPS1 (found in mitochondria) and CPS2 (located in the cytosol). CPS1 is involved in the conversion of ammonia to carbamoyl phosphate in the liver, a key step in the urea cycle for detoxifying ammonia. CPS2 participates in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, facilitating the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate for DNA and RNA production. 

Content of CPS Antibodies

CPS antibodies are typically monoclonal or polyclonal and are used to specifically recognize CPS1 or CPS2 enzymes in various biological samples. These antibodies are commonly used in Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect and quantify CPS expression, distribution, and function in tissues and cells.

• CPS1: Functions in the urea cycle, located in the liver mitochondria.
• CPS2: Involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis, found in the cytoplasm of proliferating cells.

Application of CPS Antibodies

• Metabolic Disorder Research: CPS1 antibodies are crucial in studying urea cycle disorders, particularly in investigating hyperammonemia caused by mutations in the CPS1 gene. Researchers use these antibodies to detect and quantify CPS1 levels in liver tissues, helping to understand how defects in the enzyme lead to the accumulation of ammonia and metabolic dysfunction.
• Cancer Research: CPS2 is involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis, which is essential for DNA replication and cell proliferation. CPS2 antibodies are applied in cancer research to study its role in tumor growth and nucleotide metabolism. Increased CPS2 activity is often observed in rapidly proliferating cancer cells, making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at inhibiting nucleotide synthesis in cancer.
• Urea Cycle and Ammonia Detoxification Studies: CPS1 antibodies are used to explore the regulation of the urea cycle, particularly how ammonia detoxification is controlled in liver cells. Researchers employ these antibodies to study CPS1 expression in response to metabolic demands, such as in liver diseases or following liver injury.
• Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence: In IHC and IF studies, CPS antibodies are used to localize CPS1 in mitochondria or CPS2 in the cytosol of tissues and cells. These techniques help researchers visualize the specific cellular compartments and tissues where CPS1 and CPS2 are active, providing insights into their roles in both normal physiology and disease.

CPS antibodies are vital in understanding the regulation of the urea cycle, metabolic disorders, cancer proliferation, and nucleotide biosynthesis. These antibodies play a key role in both basic research and clinical studies focused on metabolic and proliferative diseases.