ADCY Antibodies
DCY (adenylate cyclase) antibodies are used in research to detect and study adenylate cyclase enzymes. These enzymes play a crucial role in cellular signal transduction by converting ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), a second messenger that regulates various physiological processes. There are nine isoforms of adenylate cyclase (ADCY1 to ADCY9) in mammals, each with distinct regulatory properties and tissue distribution.
Structure and Function of Adenylate Cyclase
- Domains:
- N-terminal domain: Involved in regulatory interactions.
- Transmembrane domains: Two sets of six transmembrane helices that anchor the enzyme in the plasma membrane.
- Function:
- Catalysis: Converts ATP to cAMP.
- Regulation: Modulated by G proteins (Gs and Gi), forskolin, calcium, and other factors.
Types and Tissue Distribution of Adenylate Cyclase
- ADCY1: Highly expressed in the brain.
- ADCY2: Widely distributed, particularly in the brain and heart.
- ADCY3: Found in various tissues, including the brain, heart, and olfactory epithelium.
- ADCY4: Distributed in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.
- ADCY5 and ADCY6: Predominantly in the heart and other tissues.
- ADCY7: Mainly in the brain and hematopoietic cells.
- ADCY8: Primarily in the brain.
- ADCY9: Present in various tissues, including the lung and heart.
Applications of ADCY Antibodies
- Western Blotting:
- Purpose: Detect and quantify ADCY protein levels in cell or tissue extracts.
- Application: Study expression patterns and responses to various stimuli.
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC):
- Purpose: Localize ADCY proteins in tissue sections.
- Application: Investigate tissue-specific distribution and subcellular localization.
- Immunoprecipitation (IP):
- Purpose: Enrich ADCY proteins from cell lysates.
- Application: Study protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications.
- Flow Cytometry:
- Purpose: Analyze ADCY protein expression on the cell surface.
- Application: Quantify cell surface expression and monitor changes in response to treatments.
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